16 Comments on “Education Time Influence on Exercise Induced Hypoalgesia”
Great study, group! Question –> 1) would you expect there to be any differences in outcomes if you were to have delivered the education in a different manner (video, pictures, ie) as opposed to simply conversation/lecture with the subject? 2) would you expect there to be any differences in outcomes if you tested PPT elsewhere / if you utilized a different exercise other than wall squat? Thanks.
To answer your first question, if our education material was presented in a different manner, like a video, our outcomes more than likely would have been the same. That is to say, so long as the education presented in the video (or other method) covered the same content as our group. Additionally, since we had all PT students as subjects who already had an understanding of EIH, the method of educational deliverly may not have played as big of a role. Though, if participants had no previous knowledge on EIH, then the delivery method of education may have a greater impact on outcomes.
For your second question, the previous literature that we looked at mainly used the Quads and Upper Traps for PPT testing. Now, other methods have been used to induce EIH like using a BFR machine in conjuction with a leg press or a stationary bike, but both of those still utilize the Quads pretty heavily. Another aspect to consider is that our study along with previous literature has found more significant EIH responses at active local sites, like the Quad during the wall sit. Testing PPT at other sites that are not necessarily active during the intervention may not elicit as great of an EIH response.
Hi group! Great job with your poster! I really enjoyed participating in, reading about, and learning more about your research project. One question I had was: prior to gaining results, what did your group hypothesize would occur with the pre and post PPT of the upper trapezius muscle? In other words, did you expect to see a change between the pre and post PPT of the upper trapezius to indicate a global response to EIH? Also, what was your reasoning for gathering the rate of perceived exertion and visual analog scale values during the wall squat? Thanks!
Hi Lexi, great questions! Since we knew that exercise can cause both local and global hypoalgesia, we knew there would be a chance of a higher PPT at the upper trap. Although this was a possibility, we did not think that a 3 minute or less wall squat would cause as much global hypoalgesia as other exercise modes such as a longer bout of intense aerobic exercise. To answer your second question, we gathered RPE and NPRS numbers in order to see if those numbers correlated with either an increase or decrease in PPT. We thought that maybe a higher RPE or NPRS number would lead to a higher pain pressure threshold.
Hi group, great job with your presentation and poster! I was wondering why you chose the longer education group to receive 10-15 minutes of education? Did you find research to support these longer periods of education to be beneficial? Also, if I remember right, you had a script with your education topics? Would there have been any other pieces of education you would have liked to add prior to the participant performing the wall squat? Do you think adding a group with no education would have changed results? Thanks!
Regarding your first question about the longer education group, we formulated our study and procedures from previously done RCTs, which had used both longer time frames for EIH education (10-15 minutes) and shorter time frames (less than 5 minutes). Our results did not show any significance between the Long vs Short education groups, but the Long education group did shower greater changes in EIH via PPT.
Regarding scripts, we did have both a Long education script and a short education script. I can’t speak for group, but I do believe the education scripts provided the appropriate amount of detail for their respective time frames.
Lastly, if we added a group that did not receive education, I believe their results would have been similar to the short education group.
Hello, I really enjoyed reading this poster! My question to you all is your inclusion criteria consisted of refraining from vigorous exercise, alcohol and pain medication for 24 hours prior to their participation, I could see how alcohol and pain medication would influence the outcome, but what causes vigorous exercise to skew the results? Thank you!
Hey Troy, good question. The reason we had people refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours is, because we measured change in pain response following exercise. If people were allowed to exercise before participating then there would be no way to tell if the change in pain thresholds were due to our experiment or their prior exercise. Thanks!
Do you think that having a low mean age range effected your results as many younger individuals are relatively pain free compared to an individual that is older.
Hey Tonner, you make a good point with that question. Due to the age range, we cannot say that these results would translate directly to an older population, or a population in pain. I think those are 2 areas that would need to be looked at (pain population and older population) in order for our results to be translated into groups beyond young pain-free individuals. Overall it may have effected results, but we were just looking into pain free at this time. Future research would be able to confirm if the healthy population caused skewed results.
Great job with your poster! I enjoyed reading about your project as it was easy to follow and provided good insight into this topic. What is one thing you would do differently if you were to do this research project again?
Hey Chase, this is a good reflection question that you are asking. One thing our group would have liked to have done differently would have been getting more undergraduate/non-PT students involved in our study. We placed posters around campus to try and reach out to non-PT/OT students, but we still did not get any undergraduates to participate. In hindsight, we could have spoken in undergraduate classes about participating or talked with undergraduate professors to try and get more involvement from non-graduate students.
Hello! I enjoyed reading this poster, your group did a great job! I noticed the mean age for participants in groups 1 and 2 was around 23-24 years old. How do you think your results would change if the mean age was higher?
Hey Lexie, this is a good question. I think in an older population it would report relatively the same, assuming the participants did not have a chronic pain condition. I think overall fitness and ability to tolerate the wall squat would also be a potential limitation. I think with this design set up it may have been a little more difficult and skewed some results, but the overall baseline idea of doing an isometric exercise can decrease pain sensitivity would remain the same if I had to make a hypothesis.
Hi! I’m interested in the participant characteristics that you recorded in your first table, specifically the previous injury and student athlete data? Is there a reason that those questions are important such as if previous injury or being an athlete affects your perception of pain? Thanks!
Hi Kendra, this is a good question. Both previous injury history and having a history of being a student athlete were used as demographic questions to see if they had any influence on either group, to which they did not. Additionally, we asked about previous injury history to make sure participants would be able to perform a wall squat without causing harm to themselves.
USD PT Research 
Great study, group! Question –> 1) would you expect there to be any differences in outcomes if you were to have delivered the education in a different manner (video, pictures, ie) as opposed to simply conversation/lecture with the subject? 2) would you expect there to be any differences in outcomes if you tested PPT elsewhere / if you utilized a different exercise other than wall squat? Thanks.
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Great Questions Tiegen!
To answer your first question, if our education material was presented in a different manner, like a video, our outcomes more than likely would have been the same. That is to say, so long as the education presented in the video (or other method) covered the same content as our group. Additionally, since we had all PT students as subjects who already had an understanding of EIH, the method of educational deliverly may not have played as big of a role. Though, if participants had no previous knowledge on EIH, then the delivery method of education may have a greater impact on outcomes.
For your second question, the previous literature that we looked at mainly used the Quads and Upper Traps for PPT testing. Now, other methods have been used to induce EIH like using a BFR machine in conjuction with a leg press or a stationary bike, but both of those still utilize the Quads pretty heavily. Another aspect to consider is that our study along with previous literature has found more significant EIH responses at active local sites, like the Quad during the wall sit. Testing PPT at other sites that are not necessarily active during the intervention may not elicit as great of an EIH response.
LikeLike
Hi group! Great job with your poster! I really enjoyed participating in, reading about, and learning more about your research project. One question I had was: prior to gaining results, what did your group hypothesize would occur with the pre and post PPT of the upper trapezius muscle? In other words, did you expect to see a change between the pre and post PPT of the upper trapezius to indicate a global response to EIH? Also, what was your reasoning for gathering the rate of perceived exertion and visual analog scale values during the wall squat? Thanks!
LikeLike
Hi Lexi, great questions! Since we knew that exercise can cause both local and global hypoalgesia, we knew there would be a chance of a higher PPT at the upper trap. Although this was a possibility, we did not think that a 3 minute or less wall squat would cause as much global hypoalgesia as other exercise modes such as a longer bout of intense aerobic exercise. To answer your second question, we gathered RPE and NPRS numbers in order to see if those numbers correlated with either an increase or decrease in PPT. We thought that maybe a higher RPE or NPRS number would lead to a higher pain pressure threshold.
LikeLike
Hi group, great job with your presentation and poster! I was wondering why you chose the longer education group to receive 10-15 minutes of education? Did you find research to support these longer periods of education to be beneficial? Also, if I remember right, you had a script with your education topics? Would there have been any other pieces of education you would have liked to add prior to the participant performing the wall squat? Do you think adding a group with no education would have changed results? Thanks!
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Hi Lainy, thanks for the questions!
Regarding your first question about the longer education group, we formulated our study and procedures from previously done RCTs, which had used both longer time frames for EIH education (10-15 minutes) and shorter time frames (less than 5 minutes). Our results did not show any significance between the Long vs Short education groups, but the Long education group did shower greater changes in EIH via PPT.
Regarding scripts, we did have both a Long education script and a short education script. I can’t speak for group, but I do believe the education scripts provided the appropriate amount of detail for their respective time frames.
Lastly, if we added a group that did not receive education, I believe their results would have been similar to the short education group.
LikeLike
Hello, I really enjoyed reading this poster! My question to you all is your inclusion criteria consisted of refraining from vigorous exercise, alcohol and pain medication for 24 hours prior to their participation, I could see how alcohol and pain medication would influence the outcome, but what causes vigorous exercise to skew the results? Thank you!
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Hey Troy, good question. The reason we had people refrain from vigorous exercise for 24 hours is, because we measured change in pain response following exercise. If people were allowed to exercise before participating then there would be no way to tell if the change in pain thresholds were due to our experiment or their prior exercise. Thanks!
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Do you think that having a low mean age range effected your results as many younger individuals are relatively pain free compared to an individual that is older.
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Hey Tonner, you make a good point with that question. Due to the age range, we cannot say that these results would translate directly to an older population, or a population in pain. I think those are 2 areas that would need to be looked at (pain population and older population) in order for our results to be translated into groups beyond young pain-free individuals. Overall it may have effected results, but we were just looking into pain free at this time. Future research would be able to confirm if the healthy population caused skewed results.
LikeLike
Great job with your poster! I enjoyed reading about your project as it was easy to follow and provided good insight into this topic. What is one thing you would do differently if you were to do this research project again?
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Hey Chase, this is a good reflection question that you are asking. One thing our group would have liked to have done differently would have been getting more undergraduate/non-PT students involved in our study. We placed posters around campus to try and reach out to non-PT/OT students, but we still did not get any undergraduates to participate. In hindsight, we could have spoken in undergraduate classes about participating or talked with undergraduate professors to try and get more involvement from non-graduate students.
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Hello! I enjoyed reading this poster, your group did a great job! I noticed the mean age for participants in groups 1 and 2 was around 23-24 years old. How do you think your results would change if the mean age was higher?
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Hey Lexie, this is a good question. I think in an older population it would report relatively the same, assuming the participants did not have a chronic pain condition. I think overall fitness and ability to tolerate the wall squat would also be a potential limitation. I think with this design set up it may have been a little more difficult and skewed some results, but the overall baseline idea of doing an isometric exercise can decrease pain sensitivity would remain the same if I had to make a hypothesis.
LikeLike
Hi! I’m interested in the participant characteristics that you recorded in your first table, specifically the previous injury and student athlete data? Is there a reason that those questions are important such as if previous injury or being an athlete affects your perception of pain? Thanks!
LikeLike
Hi Kendra, this is a good question. Both previous injury history and having a history of being a student athlete were used as demographic questions to see if they had any influence on either group, to which they did not. Additionally, we asked about previous injury history to make sure participants would be able to perform a wall squat without causing harm to themselves.
LikeLike